Cissy Houston

 Emily "Cissy" Houston  (née  Drinkard ; born September 30, 1933)[ 1 ] is an American soul and gospel singer. After a successful career singingBACKUP for such artists as Elvis Presley and Aretha Franklin she embarked on a solo career, winning two Grammy Awards for her work. She is the mother of Whitney Houston, grandmother of Whitney's daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown, aunt of Dionne and Dee Dee Warwick, and a cousin ofOPERA singer Leontyne Price.

Early life
Born Emily Drinkard in Newark, New Jersey,[ 1 ] to Nitcholas and Delia Mae Drinkard (née McCaskill), she was the eighth child; older siblings were brothers William, Hansom, Nicky, and Larry, and sisters Lee, Marie, and Anne.[ 2 ] Houston's father Nitcholas Drinkard was born to Susan Bell (called Delia) Drinkard (née Fuller), ofDutch and African-American descent.[ 3 ] His father John Drinkard, Jr., was of Native American descent.[ 3 ] The Drinkards had owned a substantial amount of farmlandin Blakely, Georgia, during a time when it was unusual for blacks to own large portions of land. The asset was gradually depleted as they sold small portions of the land over time, to resolve the continued legal troubles of a close relative.[ 3 ]

After Houston's three oldest siblings were born, the family relocated to New Jersey during the Second Great Migration.[ 3 ] Her parents emphasized the children getting educated and being involved in the church, and her father encouraged Houston and her siblings to sing.[ 3 ] In 1938, five-year-old Cissy's mother Delia suffered a stroke and died of cerebral hemorrhage three years later.[ 4 ]

Her father died of stomach cancer in 1951 when Houston was 18.[ 3 ][ 5 ] Cissy went to live with her older sister Lee and her husband Mancel Warrick.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 6 ] The Warricks had three children: a son, Mancel,Jr. and two daughters Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 7 ] Renowned soprano Leontyne Price is a Drinkard cousin.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 8 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 9 ]

<span class="mw-headline" id="Marriage_and_children" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Marriage and children
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1955, Houston married Freddie Garland and had a son, Gary Garland, an NBA basketball player and DePaul University Athletic Hall of Famer.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 10 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cissy_Houston:_National_Visionary_11-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 11 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 12 ] The Garlands divorced soon after.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1959, she married John Russell Houston, Jr., a Newark City administrator and entertainment executive.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cissy_Houston:_National_Visionary_11-1" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 11 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 13 ]The couple had a son Michael Houston, who became a songwriter, and a daughter, Whitney Houston, who became an R&B/pop singer .<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 14 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 15 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 16 ] Aretha Franklin was an honorary aunt of Houston's daughter.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-honoraryaunt_17-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 17 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In the 1990s, Houston's daughter Whitney began to struggle with drug addiction. Houston staged several interventions to get her daughter into rehabilitation andRECOVERY programs. On one occasion she obtained a court order and the assistance of two sheriffs to intervene, persuading her daughter to undertake treatment at Hope For Women Residential & Therapeutic Services in Atlanta, Georgia.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 18 ] Her daughter cycled throughRECOVERY, relapse and rehabilitation programs.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 19 ] On February 11, 2012, Whitney Houston died at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Los Angeles.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 20 ] After her daughter's death, in an interview with the New Jersey TV station WWOR, Houston expressed her distaste of the media's coverage of related events: "The media are awful. People have come from here and there, [and they] don't know what they're talking about," she said. "People I haven't seen in 20 years … Here they come, [they] think they know everything, but that's not true. But God has his way of taking care of all of it, and I'm glad I know that. They really chopped on her, chopped on her … kept, kept, kept." <span class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 21 ] Houston has six grandchildren, and nine great grandchildren,<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cissy_Houston:_National_Visionary_11-2" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 11 ] which included granddaughter Bobbi Kristina Brown (d. July 26, 2015), daughter of Bobby Brown and Whitney Houston.

<span class="mw-headline" id="The_Drinkard_Singers" style="box-sizing:border-box;">The Drinkard Singers
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Houston's singing career began in 1938 when she joined her sister Anne and brothers Larry and Nicky in the gospel singing group the Drinkard Four. Lee (who would later become the mother of singers Dee Dee and Dionne Warwick), later joined the group along with Ann Moss and Marie Epps, and the group was renamed The Drinkard Singers. Houston and the Drinkard Singers regularly performed at New Hope Baptist Church and later recorded a live album forRCA called A Joyful Noise.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 22 ]

<span class="mw-headline" id="Sweet_Inspirations" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Sweet Inspirations
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1963, then about to give birth to daughter Whitney Houston, she formed the Sweet Inspirations with Doris Troy and niece Dee Dee Warwick. Later, under contract to Atlantic Records, Sylvia Shemwell, Estelle Brown and Myrna Smith form the line-up.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">During the mid-1960s, the Sweet Inspirations provided backup vocals for a variety of artists, including Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett, Lou Rawls, The Drifters,Dusty Springfield and Houston's niece Dionne Warwick. They appeared on Van Morrison's single Brown Eyed Girl. Houston performed the operatic soprano melody on the Aretha Franklin hit, Ain't No Way.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 23 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1967, The Sweet Inspirations sang background vocals for The Jimi Hendrix Experience on the track "Burning of the Midnight Lamp".<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 24 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1969, they were hired to sing backing vocals for Elvis Presley in Las Vegas on his return to live performances during July and August 1969. Presley often introduced them at shows by saying, "They really live up to their name ladies & gentleman, The Sweet Inspirations!" <span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Houston_25-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 25 ] Many of these performances can be heard on the All Shook Up and Live In Las Vegas live records.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Houston_25-1" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 25 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Performing with Elvis Presley was Houston's final gig with The Sweet Inspirations. As her children were growing bigger, she decided to stop touring and focus on her career as a recording artist.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Houston_25-2" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 25 ]

<span class="mw-headline" id="Solo_career" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Solo career
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1969, Houston signed a recording contract with Commonwealth United Records and recorded her solo debut Presenting Cissy Houston which was released in 1970.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Houston_25-3" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 25 ] It contained several well received singles, including covers of "I'll Be There" and "Be My Baby", both of which made the R&B charts.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-AMG_Soul_26-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 26 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Following the release of her debut album, Houston's contract was sold to Janus Records in 1970.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-AMG_Soul_26-1" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 26 ] She recorded another album and several more singles in the early 1970s, which included the original recording of Jim Weatherly's "Midnight Train to Georgia" in 1972, later a number one hit for Gladys Knight & The Pips.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-AMG_Soul_26-2" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 26 ]<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 27 ] She continued to record with Janus Records until 1975.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 28 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1977, Houston was signed by Private Stock Records, working with arranger/producer Michael Zager on three albums. The second included her big discohit "Think It Over", which climbed to #32 on the Billboard R&B chart in 1979. She represented USA at the World Popular Song Festival in 1979 with a track called "You're the Fire", landing second place and winning the "Most Outstanding Performance Award". This also appeared on her 1980 disco-flavored album,Step Aside for a Lady, again produced by Zager, but released on Columbia Records (on EMI in the United Kingdom).

<span class="mw-headline" id="Session_musician" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Session musician
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Houston's cross-genre singing style has kept her highly in demand as a session musician with some of the world's most successful recording artists.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Houston, along with Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, sang the background vocals on the original recording of Time Is On My Side by Kai Winding, released by Verve Records in October 1963.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">She sang back-up on Bette Midler's 1972 debut album, The Divine Miss M. In 1974, Houston sang back-up on Linda Ronstadt's multi-Platinum Heart Like A Wheel, a seminal album that topped Billboard′s Pop and Country Album Charts in early 1975.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1971, Houston was featured on three tracks of Burt Bacharach's self-titled solo album: "Mexican Divorce", "All Kinds of People" and "One Less Bell to Answer".

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">During 1975 and 1976, she worked with jazz flautist Herbie Mann on three Atlantic albums, Discothèque, Waterbed and Surprises, featuring on three tracks, "Violet Don't Be Blue", JJ Cale's "Cajun Moon" and "Easter Rising".

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In addition to her work as choirmaster at New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, NJ, Cissy performed frequently at clubs in NYC including Mikell's, Sweetwaters, Seventh Avenue South, and Fat Tuesday from the late 1970s through the 1980s.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Whitney Houston, her daughter and backup singer, increasingly sang solos with Cissy's band, including the Barbra Streisand hit "Evergreen". They would collaborate on Ain't No Way (originally a Cissy Houston and Aretha Franklin vehicle), on which Cissy sang "Cissy" and Whitney "Aretha".

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Whitney's "coming-out" performance took place at Sweetwaters,<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-sweetwaterswhitney_29-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 29 ] whereupon she was signed by Clive Davis for Arista Records.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1985, the small UK independent label Glitter released a single, "With You I Could Have It All" and "Whatcha Gonna Do About Our Love". The 12-inch single featured both a ballad and a dance version of the song.

<span class="mw-headline" id="Gospel_soloist_and_duets" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Gospel soloist and duets
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1996, Houston received the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album for Face to Face, an album that contained a Gospel version of "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)".

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">The same year she contributed one song to the gospel soundtrack album for the film The Preacher's Wife, which starred her daughter Whitney Houston.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 1998, she won her second Grammy for her album He Leadeth Me.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">She has also continued to record infrequent secular material and in 1987, Houston and her daughter Whitney recorded a duet titled "I Know Him So Well", a cover of the original by Barbara Dickson and Elaine Paige from the Broadway show, Chess. This song also became a single in early 1989 as the 6th and last single release (in selected European countries) from Whitney's album Whitney. In 1992 she teamed up with Chuck Jackson for an album of solo and duet recordings entitled I'll Take Care of You.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 2006, she recorded the song "Family First" with niece Dionne Warwick and daughter Whitney Houston for the soundtrack to the movie Daddy's Little Girls.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 2010, Cissy attended the third annualBET Honors with her daughter Whitney, who received the entertainment award.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In 2012, Cissy performed "Bridge Over Troubled Water" at the tribute for her daughter at the BET Music Awards.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On September 29, 2014, at 81 years old, Cissy sangBACKUP to a standing-ovation performance with Aretha Franklin of Adele's - "Rolling in the Deep' and "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" on the Late Show with David Letterman.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 30 ]

<span class="mw-headline" id="New_Hope_Baptist_Church_Youth_Inspirational_Choir" style="box-sizing:border-box;">New Hope Baptist Church Youth Inspirational Choir
<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">For more than fifty years, Houston has led the 200-member Youth Inspirational Choir at the New Hope Baptist Church.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cissy_Houston:_National_Visionary_11-3" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 11 ] She is driving force behind and performs annually at the McDonald's Gospelfest.

<span class="mw-headline" id="With_the_Sweet_Inspirations" style="box-sizing:border-box;">With the Sweet Inspirations

 * See Sweet Inspirations Discography

Film

 * 1978: The Wiz (uncredited voice) – The Wiz Singers Adult Choir
 * 1984: Taking My Turn (TV)
 * 1994: TheVERNON Johns Story (TV) as Rose
 * aka Freedom Road: TheVERNON Johns Story (UK)
 * aka The Road to Freedom: TheVERNON Johns Story (USA: alternative title)
 * 1996: The Preacher's Wife as Mrs. Havergal

Television

 * 1970: The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (3 episodes)
 * 1979: Gangsters (herself)
 * aka Hoodlums (USA: video title)
 * 1985: Late Night with David Letterman; August 28 episode
 * 1986: Ebony/Jet Showcase; October 10 episode
 * 1987: The 1st Annual Soul Train Music Awards
 * 1988: The 15th Annual American Music Awards
 * 1998: Late Show with David Letterman December 23 episode
 * 2004: Intimate Portrait Dionne Warwick episode
 * 2008: This Time (herself)